二、简单句的核心变化

(一)谓语动词的变化

      n. + v.

• 动词的时态
• 动词的语态
• 动词的情态
• 动词的否定

1. 时态：

时态	过去	现在	将来	过去将来
一般	did/was/were	do/does	will/am/is/are going to + V.原型	would/were/was going to + V.原型
进行	be + doing	be + doing	be + doing	be + doing
完成	had + done	have/has+done
完成进行		have/has been + doing

一般过去时 Simple Past

形式：V.过去式(did/was/were)

用法：过去的事、过去的动作(无关现在)

例子：

• He was a student.
• He liked music.
• She had a boyfriend.

变否定或疑问

He was happy.	He liked English.
He was not happy.	He did not like English.
Was he happy?	Did he like English?
What was he?	What did he like?

补充：

	V.过去式	V.过去分词
look	looked	looked
buy	bought	bought
see	saw	seen
eat	ate	eaten

V.过去式   丨V.过去分词

一般过去时  丨完成时

                  丨被动语态

                  丨不做谓语

一般现在时 Simple Present

形式：V.原型/V.第三人称单数(do/does)

You

like English.

He

likes English.

用法：

1.现在经常性习惯性的动作

We have the English class every day.

He often gets up late.

2.现在的状态

I am a teacher.

We are in China.

3.永恒

The earth is round.

The earth moves around the sun.

Knowledge is power.

Practice makes perfect.

变否定或疑问

He is happy.	You like English.	He likes English.
He is not happy.	You do not like English.	He does not like English.
Is he happy?	Do you like English?	Does he like English?
How is he?	What do you like?	What does he like?

补充：

与频率连用(every,once a week,twice a month,three times a ...)

always

usually,often,frequently

sometimes,occasionally

seldom,hardly

never

一般将来时 Simple Future

形式：Will/am/is/are going to + V.原型

用法：将来的事(现在的将来)

I will make a new plan tomorrow.

We are going to study abroad next year.

变否定或疑问

He will leave.	He is going to leave.
He will not leave.	He is not going to leave.
Will he leave?	Is he going to leave?
What will he?	What is he going to do?

过去将来时 Past Future

形式：Would/was/were going to + V.原型

用法：将来的事(过去的将来)

I said that I would become a cook in the future.

Tony finished his work,and then he would leave for London.

三种进行时 Progressive Tense

At 10 o'clock yesterday some students were taking an exam in their classrooms.

We are taking about the water pollution.

A great many candidates will be meeting here at this time tomorrow.

现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense

形式：have/has + done

用法：

现在全部完成 He has left.

现在部分完成 We have studied English for ten years.

过去完成时 Past Perfect Tense

形式：had + done

用法：过去的之前

When he got there,she had left.She was not there.

完成进行时 = “完成” + “进行” =**时间的之前，强调进行的过程

完成时 vs. 完成进行时

角度相同	都表示“现在的之前”
两种时态	现在完成时 have/has + done	现在完成进行时 have/has been + doing
强调不同	强调结果(做完与否都可以)	强调过程
例句	We have not won the match.	We have been working hard for several months.

They ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we are still working on it as no good results ____ so far.

A.have been working;have come out

B.had worked;came out

C.had been working;have come out

D.have worked;are coming out

显示答案 答案：C